英国功能主义人类学相关概念辨析——兼谈学术流派与国家传统的关系

On Relevant Concepts of British Functional Anthropology——On the Relationship between Academic Schools and National Tradition

英国人类学的传统很大程度上是由功能学派的理论和实践所塑造的。与美国四分支的"文化人类学"相比,英国人类学总体来说对社会结构及其功能的关注更为突出,并因此在很多时候被称为"社会人类学"。尽管很多学者在使用中有随意切换的倾向,但"英国功能主义人类学"、"英国社会人类学"和"英国人类学"绝非同义语,辨明其间的差异、弄清混用的原因对于深入研究来说很有必要。

The tradition of British anthropology was mainly formed by the theory and practice of functional school.Compared with four schools of American cultural anthropology,British anthropology pays more attention to social structure and function,and thus is called social anthropology in most time.Though many scholars randomly use 'British functional anthropology', 'British social anthropology' and 'British anthropology',these three terms are not synonyms.It is greatly necessary for further research to tell the difference of these three terms and find the reasons of misuse.