哲学院与现代大学的学科制度

Faculty of Philosophy and the Disciplinary Institution in Modern Universities

学科作为现代大学组织结构的基础于17世纪开始发展,19世纪基本成型,这一制度化过程主要发生在哲学院。哲学院与哲学学科的发展带来了德国大学的崛起,在知识与制度两方面促进了新学科的形成,并通过讲座与研讨班制度塑造了现代大学的学术生活。进入20世纪,哲学院及其所代表的知识统一性面临危机,学系制等以学科为界分的组织形式渐占优势。

Discipline,as the basic-level structure of modern universities,was developed from the 17 th century to the 19 th century and its institutionalization emerged mainly in the faculty of philosophy.The development of faculty of philosophy led to the rise of German universities as well as the formation of new disciplines in the aspects of both knowledge and institution.It also figured the academic life in modern universities through the system of lecture and seminar.In the 20 th century,faculty of philosophy along with its unity of knowledge faced the crisis and the department system based on disciplines began to enjoy aperiod of dominance.