非犯罪化的制度实现与风险控制——以侦查阶段为视角

Implementation and Risk Control of Non Criminal System——In the Stage of Investigation as the Angle of View

非犯罪化是指在刑事立法或者刑事司法过程中,将迄今为止作为犯罪加以处罚的行为不再视为犯罪或者不作为犯罪处理。根据实现方式的不同,非犯罪化可以区分为法律上非犯罪化和事实上非犯罪化。鉴于未来我国犯罪圈的适度扩张,法律上非犯罪化将前景式微,而事实上非犯罪化则为刑事司法的应然选择。当前,我国侦查阶段非犯罪化的实现路径较为局限,从而导致了实践中非犯罪化的"超法规实现"。未来应当在侦查阶段赋予公安机关以微罪处理权,适度扩大非犯罪化的裁量空间,并通过保障刑事裁量的参与性、注重刑事裁量的说理性以及强化刑事裁量的救济性等方面有效控制侦查阶段非犯罪化的潜在风险。

The non crime refers to the criminal legislation or the criminal justice process,hitherto a crime to punish the act is no longer regarded as a crime or criminal omission. According to the different implementations,the non crime can be divided into the law of the non crime and de facto decriminalization.Given the moderate expansion in our country in the future criminal circle,micro decriminalization prospect in law,and in fact the non crime has become the ideal choice of criminal justice. At present,our country on the path to realize decriminalization is limited,which leads to super law implementation in practice of non crime. The future should be given in the stage of investigation by public security organs micro crime discretion,appropriate to expand discretion of decriminalization,and through the protection of criminal discretion,participation,pay attention to the reasoning of criminal discretion and strengthening the criminal discretion relief and so on the effective control of the investigation stage the potential risk of non crime.