话语与理念的离合:民国时期社会科学范式的多重歧异

The Separation and Combination between Discourses and Ideas:the Multiple Divergences of Social Scientific Paradigms during Republic of China

民国时期是中国社会科学范式形成的关键期。民国学术界全面构建起包括社会科学基本概念、学科划分、研究对象、研究方法、研究目的等方面的系统研究范式。然而,民国学术界构建的社会科学范式呈现出学术话语与具体理念相疏离的态势。在大家似乎一致的学科划分话语背后,却隐藏着各派论者之间相异的学术理念。大家受科学实证论影响,均以社会现象的因果法则为社会科学研究对象,但各派论者对这种因果法则的认知却存在多重歧异。大家均肯定社会科学的社会实践性,但各派论者对其社会实践性内涵的认知却各有偏重。诸种相异的学术理念,反衬出民国时期学院派、国民党派、马克思主义派三种社会科学流派分立的大致态势。

The period of Republic of China is the key period in which the Chinese social scientific paradigms formed. The academia has constructed completely the research paradigms which include the social scientific basic concepts,subject division,research objects,research methods,research purpose,etc.However,there is the status that the concrete ideas separate from the academic discourses in the social scientific paradigms constructed by the academia of Republic of China. There are many different academic ideas of the various academic schools behind the coincident discourses of subject division. The scholars,who were influenced by the scientific positivism,all considered the cause and effect principles as the research objects of social science,however,the scholars of different schools comprehended the cause and effect principles from different angles. The scholars all thought that the social science has social practicalness,but the scholars of different schools considered that the connotations of this practicalness are diverse.These dissimilar academic ideas reflect that the segregation of three social scientific schools,such as academism,Kuomintang and Marxism.