第三人视域下故意侵权精神痛苦损害赔偿责任的认定

The Identity of Mental Anguish Damages for Willful Infringement Liability and the Relevant Third Party

精神痛苦损害赔偿制度肇始于英美法系,在故意侵权领域中,实质受害人及相关第三人都可就其精神痛苦严重程度向加害人提出精神损害赔偿,并获得相应的法律救济。第三人与实质受害人有无亲属关系直接影响加害人精神痛苦损害赔偿责任的认定。借鉴英美法系的相关条款,大陆法系部分国家已相继制定并实施了第三人精神痛苦损害赔偿制度。中国现行的精神损害赔偿制度仅对受害人基础权益受损所产生的精神损害予以救济,不符合保护受害人精神权益之实质。为此,有必要摆脱"无基础权益受损即无精神损害赔偿"的桎梏,有条件地认可第三人精神痛苦损害赔偿制度。其间,要合理界定第三人与实质受害人间的"密切关系"程度;规定第三人在侵权现场且以加害人知其在场情形为要;为了减少精神痛苦主观性带来的滥诉风险,建议附带第三人之严重精神痛苦的客观医学证据。

The compensation system of mental anguish damages began in common- law system in which the victim and the relevant third party can demand the compensation of mental anguish damages. Some countries in civil- law system began this compensation,too. Now in China the compensation system is to the victim only,which is opposite to the mental rights and interests of the victim,so the relevant third party should be into legislation. In addition,the relevant third party must be intimate with the victim; the relevant third party must be on the spot of the damages; it is better to have medical evidence of the relevant third party.