美国清洁能源的专利制度改革及其对中国的启示

The Reform of Patent System of Clean Energy in U. S. and Its Implication to China

清洁能源是人类为减缓气候变化,解决能源危机、环境污染等世界性问题所选择的能源创新。而专利制度的变革是对清洁能源创新的适应性调整。美国通过《美国发明法》等一系列专利制度改革,加快创造清洁能源的本土专利资源,迅速扩张清洁能源的国际竞争优势。中国清洁能源的专利囿于国内创新,缺少国际创新;重视专利作为商业创新的手段,忽视专利促进技术创新的目标功能。因此,借鉴美国专利制度应对清洁能源创新的变革举措,对于中国的理论研究与实践探索具有借鉴与参考价值。

The clean energy innovation is for the purposes of addressing climate change, energy crisis and environmental pollution. The patent system reform is the system adjustment for the clean energy innovation. The U.S. has carried out a series of patent reforms, including American Invents Act, to speed up its patent deployment and extend its international competitiveness in the field of clean energies. China's patent situation in clean energy industry is limited to the domestic innovation and lacks international innovations, whilst patents are treated more as commercial means but not for the purpose of promoting technological innovation. By analyzing the U.S. patent regime reform in response to clean energy innovation, this study aims at providing some reference to China's clean energy research and practice.