人力资本流动与资源诅咒效应:如何实现资源型区域的可持续增长

Human Capital Migration and Resource Curse Effect:How to Achieve the Sustainable Growth of Resource-oriented Regions

人力资本的流动性和自然资源的耗竭性对资源型区域的可持续增长具有至关重要的影响。文章针对现有研究的重要缺陷,在对现有模型进行改进和扩展的基础上,纳入人力资本跨区域流动的条件,构建了一个以资源开发和输出为导向的区域经济三部门内生增长模型,对资源诅咒效应的发生机制进行了理论阐释并讨论了人力资本外流对资源型区域经济增长的影响;进而在考虑资源型区域"二元"产业结构特征的框架下,讨论了资源型区域实现经济可持续增长的必要条件。研究发现,人力资本外流会降低社会计划者增强人力资本积累的积极性,从而增加了资源型区域发生资源诅咒效应的风险,但是资源诅咒效应的发生并非必然,足够大的生产要素替代弹性是资源诅咒被有效规避的充分条件;人力资本外流对资源型区域的经济增长具有双重效应,消费者的边际效用弹性所反映的教育投资倾向的大小,是其正向激励效应是否居于主导地位的决定性因素;在考虑资源可耗竭的情形下,较大的边际效用弹性和较高的人力资本积累速度,是实现资源型区域经济可持续增长的必要保障。

The migration of human capital and the depletion of natural resources play a crucial role in the sustainable growth of resource-oriented regions.Aiming at the key defects of current studies,this paper constructs a regional economic three-sector endogenous growth model oriented by resource exploitation and output based on the improvement and extension of existing models and the introduction of regional migration of human capital to theoretically explain the occurrence mechanism of resource curse effect and discuss the impact of brain drain on the economic growth of resource-oriented regions.Then under a framework of creatively considering dual industrial structure in resource-oriented regions,it investigates the necessary condition of sustainable growth of resource-oriented regions.The results indicate that the brain drain can reduce the enthusiasm of social planners for the increase in human capital accumulation,thereby resulting in the increase in risks of the occurrence of resource curse effect in resource-oriented regions.However,the resource curse effect is not inevitable.The large enough substitution elasticity of production factors is a sufficient condition of effectively evading the resource curse.The brain drain has a dual effect on economic growth in resource-oriented regions.Education investment propensity reflected by the elasticity of marginal utility of consumers is the determinative factor of the dominance of its positive role.Considering the depletion of natural resources,the large enough elasticity of marginal utility and human capital accumulation with rapid speed are the essential guarantee of the sustainable growth in resource-oriented regions.