城镇本地与迁移劳动力工资差异变化:“天花板”还是“黏地板”?

Changes in Wage Differences between Local and Migrant Workers in Urban Areas:Glass Ceiling or Sticky Floor?

文章使用中国城市劳动力抽样调查(CULS)2001年、2005年和2010年数据,采用重设权重再中心化影响函数,对城镇本地与迁移劳动力在不同分位数上的工资差距进行了分解。研究发现:第一,从纵向变化来看,在工资分布的不同分位数上,工资差距的构成效应呈现逐渐减弱的趋势,而由市场歧视造成的结构效应则呈现逐渐增强的趋势;第二,城镇本地与迁移劳动力的工资差距存在不对称现象,工资收入分布末端的工资差距较大,符合"黏地板效应",并且工资差距来源中的结构效应显著大于构成效应;第三,"黏地板效应"与低收入迁移劳动力群体的一些特征相联系;第四,在收入分布的顶端,城镇本地与迁移劳动力的工资差距较小,原因是可观测特征(如受教育水平)的差别较小,并且结构效应也较小。

Based on the survey of CULS in 2001,2005and 2010,this paper decomposes wage differences between local and migrant workers in urban areas in different quantiles by reconstruction of weights and recentralization of effect function.This paper draws the following conclusions:firstly,as for vertical changes,in terms of different quantiles of wage distribution,the composition effect of wage differences has a gradually weakening tendency and the structural effect resulting from market discrimination experiences a continuously increasing tendency;secondly,the wage differences between urban local and migrant labor is featured by asymmetry and the wage gap in the bottom of wage distribution is wider which is in accord with'sticky floor'effect,and in terms of the reasons for wage differences,structural effect is significantly stronger than composition effect;thirdly,'sticky floor'effect is linked with some features of migrant labor groups with low income;fourthly,wage differences between urban local and migrant workers at the top of wage distribution are smaller,owing to smaller differences of observable characteristics like education level as well as smaller structural effect.