城市商业制度环境影响劳动者工资扭曲吗?——基于世界银行和中国工业企业数据的经验研究

Does Urban Commercial Institutional Environment Affect Labor's Wage Distortion?An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of the World Bank and Industrial Enterprises in China

劳动者的工资报酬偏离其边际生产力,是当前我国劳动力市场的一种普遍现象。文章基于城市商业规制的视角,利用世界银行集团提供的中国30个城市营商环境数据和国家统计局提供的工业企业数据,实证检验了我国城市的商业制度环境对工资扭曲的影响,以揭示这种城市"软环境"条件下的劳动者工资增长机制。结果表明,各个城市均有不同程度的工资向下扭曲,而良好的商业制度环境能够改善扭曲状况,显著抑制工资偏离。子样本估计表明,商业制度环境对非国有经济部门工资向下扭曲的抑制效果很明显,但对向上扭曲的抑制效果甚微。即便采取不同的工具变量、控制异常样本点以及选择不同的生产函数形式,上述结论仍然成立且稳健。文章的政策含义是:为企业发展营造良好的城市营商软环境,引入外部竞争机制,对于扭转劳动者报酬失衡具有重要现实意义。

It is a common phenomenon in Chinese labor market that labor's wages are deviated from marginal productivity.From a perspective of urban commercial regulation and based on the data of the commercial institutional environment of thirty Chinese cities from the World Bank and industrial firms from National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China,this paper empirically examines the impact of urban commercial institutional environment on labor's wage distortion to reveal the mechanism of the increase in labor's wages in this urban soft environment.It comes to the conclusion that each city demonstrates different levels of wage downward distortion and better commercial institutional environment could alleviate the distortion and significantly suppress the wage deviation.Moreover,subsample estimation indicates that commercial institutional environment has a strong inhibition effect on wage downward distortion in non-state-owned sectors, while it has little inhibition effect on wage upward distortion.These results above-mentioned are still valid and robust,even after taking different instrumental variables,controlling abnormal sample points and selecting different production functions.It provides the policy suggestion that in order to shape a better business environment for corporate development,the introduction of external competition mechanism is of great practical significance to reverse the imbalance of labor compensation in China.