论我国县乡人大代表选举委员会制度的完善——兼议2011—2012年县乡人大代表选举

Improvement of Chinese Electoral Commission System for Deputies to People's Congress at Country and Township Levels——The Election of Deputies to People's Congress in Countries and Towns during 2011 and 2012

选举委员会是处理选举事务的法定监管机构,具有中立、民主、公正、独立的特性。运转良好的选举委员会制度对于保障公民选举权利、维护选举秩序具有重要意义。中国《选举法》2010年修改时就选举委员会的产生、回避、职责和工作要求作了规定,但在一些具体问题上还存有空白和模糊地带,需要予以补充和完善。2011—2012年全国县乡人大代表选举是《选举法》修改后的第一次选举,通过个案观察和法条分析,选举委员会在产生过程中暴露出民主性不足的缺陷,《选举法》有关选举委员会回避的条款存在被架空的危险,选举信息公开不规范,信息公开的范围和方式回旋空间较大,需要对其作进一步的民主化构造,做实回避条款,明确选举信息公开的范围和方式。

As a statutory agency to regulate elections, the Electoral Commission is characterized by neutrality, democracy, justness and independence, and therefore a regulation ensuring its smooth performance is of vital importance to guarantee citizens' electoral rights and keep order during elections. Amendments to the Electoral Law in 2010 has presented stipulations as to the generation, withdrawal, duties and work of election institutions. However, further supplements or improvements are essential due to practical problems like legal limbos. The first election after the above amendments made in 2010, namely, the election of deputies to people's congresses of townships and towns for 2011—2012, has displayed, in a couple of cases and articles, its lacking of democracy during the generation of electoral commissions. In Electoral Law, articles regarding challenge system of electoral commission are seldom applied in practices, along with other drawbacks like insufficient democracy and inadequate information disclosure. Thus, it is essential to enhance the democratization, implement withdrawal provisions and define the scope and way of information disclosure.