社会经济地位对人口健康的影响机制研究进展

A System Review of Mechanism of SES to Health

社会经济地位会对人口健康产生影响已经毋庸置疑,但是对健康影响机制的研究仍有许多待解决的问题,而这直接关系到政策的可操作性。对近年来西方学者所做的社会经济地位对人口健康影响的中间机制研究进行较全面的综述。社会经济地位通过四种中间机制影响人口健康:物质机制、生活方式机制、社会心理机制、社区邻里环境机制。这四种中间机制不仅单独发生作用,而且交互作用共同影响。社会经济地位通过哪种机制对健康的影响更大目前仍没有定论,在影响结果上,研究也未呈现一致性。在物质机制、社会心理机制、社区邻里环境机制上,表现为低社会经济地位群体受到的损害更大,但对社会心理机制的研究还不够明朗;在生活方式机制上,发达国家与发展中国家样本存在差异。

There is no doubt that Socio-economic Status(SES)exerts influence on health.But it seems that policymakers are more interested in the mediators between SES with health,because it has stronger practicability and maneuverability.There are four Mediating Pathways between SES and health:material factors,lifestyle factors,psychosocial factors,and neighborhood.No single pathway has effect on health,but interaction between them has impacts on it.It is not clear which pathway of four contributes the most to health.There is also no consistent conclusion on how SES has effect on health through four mediating pathways.Low-SES groups are more likely to be unhealthy than their high-SES counterparts in pathways of material factors,psychosocial factors,and neighborhood.There are significant differences between developed and developing countries in pathways of lifestyle factors.