两汉社会观念研究——一种基于数据统计的考察

Social Ideas in the Han Dynasty

现有的两汉思想史,多是以思想家为轴线的思想史,约等于是思想家的谱系。思想史写法如果转变为以思想为轴线的思想史,或谓观念思想史、概念思想史、问题思想史,则将是真正的思想的历史而不再是思想家的历史。借用数据库方法,通过关键词语的统计分析,研究两汉时期的观念史是可行的,这种研究将会提供一些不同于传统观点的新思考。"汉以孝治天下"的传统说法不完全符合汉代社会实际,孝不是汉代社会伦理体系中最核心的词语;汉代是一个重义守信的时代,信义观念的重要性大于孝观念;财富观念、社会公正观念、法观念,都是汉代社会不可忽视的重要社会观念。数据统计方法介入汉代观念史研究,将会使思想史研究的触觉,真正地延伸到整体性的社会层面。

Contemporary China's works about ideological history of the Han people have been mainly written on thinkers in historical sequence,and amount to a kind of thinker's biography.If writing ideological history in the light of ideas,concepts,notions and issues,not write thinkers one by one,then the ideological history becomes ideas' history rather than thinker's history.It is possible to research ideological history of the Han people by statistically analyzing key words in data base,this method of study can provide new insight above traditional views.The traditional view that national governance of the Han dynasty on the principle of filial piety is half correct,the principle of filial piety was not the utmost important word in the Han people's morality.The Han people put much more emphasis on keeping righteousness and promises than on the principle of filial piety.Ideas about wealth,social justice,and legality were important social ideas.Using data analysis as a method of studying history of the Han thoughts can reach the whole aspects of society.