论施琅《台湾弃留利弊疏》的背景与动机——兼谈清初台湾的官庄及武职占垦问题

Background and Motive of Shi Lang's Report on Advantages and Disadvantages of Maintaining or Giving up Taiwan:An Additional Treatise on Official Plantation and Problems of Occupation of Land by Military Officers in the Early Qing Dynasty

康熙统一台湾不仅是清代历史上的大事,而且也是中国历史上影响深远的重大事件。施琅在康熙皇帝统一台湾的过程中,起了重大作用,虽然其在平台后占有不少的田产,给自身留下污点,但不能因此而将其历史功绩全盘否定。清初台湾的官庄及武职占垦是特定的历史环境下出现的一种特殊的现象,其后由于官庄归公和对武职占垦的清查,此一问题得到较为妥善的处理。对施侯租的性质及其规模等问题应根据相关史料进行客观、全面、科学的研究和考察,既不要刻意回避掩盖,也不应人为地肆意夸大。

Reunification of Taiwan with China's Mainland in Kangxi emperor reign was a significant matter in the early Qing as well as in Chinese history.General Shi Lang played a major role in conquering Taiwan,thereafter he defamed himself by occupying agreat amount of land,nonetheless his historical achievement and contribution should not be denied completely.It was a peculiar phenomenon in the early Qing settlement by official plantation and many land occupied by military officers.This kind of problem had been appropriately solved later by nationalization of official plantation and investigation of land occupied by military officers.Problems about nature and size of Marquis Shi tax and its related historical materials ought to be researched in objective and well-balanced ways without deliberate evading and covering or intentional exaggeration.