试析历史事实、历史推论与历史想象的关联——以布莱德雷和柯林武德的历史哲学为讨论中心

An Analysis of the Relation between Historical Facts,Historical Inference and Historical Imagination: Focusing on Bradley and Collingwood's Philosophies of History

在英语世界里,历史事实向来是历史哲学中的核心问题。布莱德雷和柯林武德都继承了康德批判哲学的进路,试图把经验论讨论的历史事实转化为历史学家进行历史推论活动中的历史证据,以此来澄清历史研究活动中的主体性。柯林武德在布莱德雷批判历史学的基础上尝试把历史想象看作是历史推论本质的进一步研究,以此来阐明历史思维的普遍性和必然性。由此,历史学的客观性问题就在历史学是如何可能的知识论问题上获得了解决。

In the English-speaking world,the historical fact has always been a core issue in the philosophy of history. This paper attempts to explore Bradley and Collingwood's philosophies of history and their attitudes toward historical facts.They inherit the approach of Kant's critical philosophy,try to translate the given historical facts into the historical evidence in the course of the historian's activity of historical inference,in order to clarify the subjectivity of historical research activities.Collingwood take the concept of historical imagination as the further study of the nature of historical inference based on the research of Bradley's critical history,in order to illustrate the universality and inevitability of historical thinking.Thus,the problem of the objectivity of history can be solved as the epistemological problem of how is historical knowledge possible?