张贵永与西方史学硏究

Zhang Guiyong and His Research on the Western Historiography

张贵永在清华大学受孔繁霱影响,赴德留学,师承梅尼克,后访问伦敦大学,受益于古奇。一生致力于西洋史教学与研究,故多涉西洋史学。其所讨论的一般性史学问题,都是对西洋史学史的梳理、分析和总结,关于史学方法的观点几乎照搬伯恩汉的《史学导论》。在欧洲近代史学论述方面,张贵永有两条主线和两个归宿点。两条主线是,时间维度上一以贯之的历史主义,和空间维度上德国200年左右的史学史;两个归宿点是梅尼克的学术思想和汤因比的文化观念,也是他思考战后人类精神世界和文化出路的两个着眼点。尽管他没有关于西方史学的通史性探讨,其关于历史主义、近代德国史学的全部论述,多受之于梅尼克《历史主义的起源》,一些地方稍嫌粗糙;然其研究构架与视角,在20世纪国人研究西方史学中,别具匠心,无论对于台湾史学风气转变,还是对于中国的西方史学研究,都具有重要的学术意义。

Zhang Guiyong was influenced by Kong Fanyu in Tsinghua University,went to Germany,and followed Friedrich Meinecke,then visited University of London,profited from G.P.Gooch who had been teaching and researching the Western history,and the Western historiography.Those Subjects he researched were about the Western historiography,his view on methods of historical study,was almost a version of Ernst Bernheim's Introduction to the Study of History.On the Europen modern historiography,he had two main lines and two end-results.The first line was historism in times,and the second was history of Gernman histpriography in 200years.The first end-result was Friedrich Meinecke's thinkings,and the second was Arnold Joseph Toynbee's ideas of culture.The two end-results also became his two focal points on future of human spirt and culture after the Great World War.He did not do in general history,his conclusions on historism and German modern historiography came from Friedrich Meinecke's Historism: The Rise of a New Historical Outlook,but his composition and view,was different from Chinese studiers during the 20th century.It is very significant to Taiwan 's change in historiographical manner and the Chinese studies on the Western Historiopraphy.