教育水平对新生代农民工心理压力的影响与作用机制分析

An Analysis of the Influence of Education on Young Rural-urban Migrant Laborers' Psychological Stress and Its Mechanism

随着中国工业化、城市化进程进入新的阶段,新生代农民工逐步成为了农民工的主体。与上一代农民工相比,新生代农民工文化程度和技术能力都相对更高,对城市化的诉求也更为强烈。而文化程度较高的新生代农民工心理压力大却成为新的社会问题。调查数据分析发现,教育水平较高的新生代农民工心理压力水平相对更高,二者呈正相关,回归分析发现受教育年限对新生代农民工心理压力水平具有显著、稳健的正向影响,教育水平相对较高是新生代农民工高心理压力的重要原因。而作用机制分析则发现,导致新生代农民工心理压力水平高的原因可能是他们进入社会时有相对较高的期望和较高的心理落差。在研究结论的基础上,提出了若干减轻新生代农民工心理压力的思考。

As the process of China's industrialization and urbanization steps into a new stage,young rural-urban migrant laborers gradually become a major part of migrant workers. Compared with the old ones,young rural-urban migrant laborers have higher education levels,technical abilities and stronger appeals to urbanization. However,it has been a new social problem that young rural-urban migrant laborers with higher educational level have much more psychological stress. By analyzing the data of young rural-urban migrant laborers,we find the phenomenon,young rural-urban migrant laborers with higher education levels having relatively higher levels of psychological stress,does exist. Education level and psychological stress are positively correlated. And then from regression analysis,we find that years of education has an positive influence on young rural-urban migrant laborers' psychological stress,which is significant and robust. So relatively higher education levels are the key reasons for higher stress levels of young rural-urban migrant laborers. Furthermore,through the mechanism analysis,we find why young rural-urban migrant laborers with higher education levels have more stress might be that they have relatively higher expectations and huger psychological gaps when they enter cities. Based on the research results,this paper proposes several reflections on alleviating psychological stresses of young rural-urban migrant laborers with high education levels.