区域创新政策对企业创新效率影响的实证研究

An empirical research on the impact of regional innovation policy on enterprise innovation efficiency

创新政策是激发企业创新活力的重要驱动力,已有文献中鲜有企业层面政策影响创新效率的研究。本文运用随机前沿模型分析了北京市创新政策对中关村企业创新效率的影响作用。研究结果表明:区域创新政策对企业创新效率的平均影响程度在0.31左右,其中政府项目和资金补助,以及创新人才资助和研发软硬件扶持都对企业创新的专利产出效率起到了积极作用,税收优惠和资金补助,以及高端人才税收补贴都对企业创新产品收益取得了良好效果;特别是,政策资金补助的影响程度随着时间推移逐渐减弱;此外,电子信息和生物医药企业创新效率的政策影响程度较高,而装备制造业较低且呈现库兹涅茨曲线特征;微小企业对区域创新政策的依赖程度高于大型企业,政策作用于中小企业创新效率的效果好于大型企业。

Innovation policies have developed into an important driving force to spur up the enterprise innovation activity.And few studies exist which focus on polices influencing innovation efficiency on the firm level.By using a Stochastic Frontier Analysis(SFA) model,the innovation efficiency of 90 enterprises in Zhongguancun,Beijing,Chinaduring the period between 2006 and2011 has been estimated.The results show that the mean of efficiency scores for regional innovation policies impacting on enterprise innovation efficiency is about 0.31.Among these policies,government projects,capital support,and combination of the essential factors like the sponsor on innovation talents and support on R&D facilities all play a positive role on the patent output efficiency of enterprise innovation.Tax preference,capital support and innovation talent and tax subsidies all play a positive role on the income of enterprise innovation product.Furthermore,the effect of capital support impacts on the efficiency is decreased with time.There is a highly efficiency of policy impact on electronic information enterprises and biopharmaceutical enterprises,and a lower of equipment-related which showed a characteristic of Kuznets Curve.Micro and small enterprises depend more on regional innovation policies than large ones and the effects of policies influence the innovation efficiency of SME is better than that of large ones.