科学中“错位”——“科学实践”视域的思考

The “Mismatch” in Science——Thinking in “Practice of Science”

科学中的"错位"在方法论上源于赖欣巴哈的"发现的语境"与"辩护的语境"之分。这种区分凸显出哲学对自然科学的规范性作用。然而,由于这种区分脱离科学实践,受到了科学家的普遍质疑。21世纪初,科学哲学家开始用"论证的辩护"去取代"辩护的语境",使科学实践进入科学哲学的研究视域,使科学哲学不仅重构了"发现的语境"中具身性认知秩序,而且还展现出这种秩序是如何上升为"辩护的语境"中秩序的过程,从而消除了科学中的"错位"。

From methodology, the mismatch in science result from Reichenbach's distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification. The distinction shows the advisory task of philosophy to sci-ence. However, because it separates itself from practice of science, the distinction is called in general question from scientists. In early 21st century, philosophers take the context of justification with argumen-tative justification, and practice of science enters into philosophy of science. Consequently, philosophy not only reconstruct the embodiment cognitive order in “context of discovery”, but also unfold the ascendant process from the order in “context of discovery”to the order in “context of justification”, thus the mis-match in science disappears.