现实关系与抽象程序:马克思与罗尔斯正义理论建构模式异质性分析

Real Relationship and Abstract Process: the Heterogeneity Analysis of the Construction Models of Marx's and Rawls' Justice Theory

不同内涵的正义包括人与人之间的明确界分、一定所得关系、某种分配尺度三个共性内容。马克思与罗尔斯正义理论的建构模式截然不同,它们分别是现实关系模式和抽象程序模式。两种模式的异质性主要表现在其逻辑起点和构建路径两个方面:在逻辑起点上,现实关系模式以物质生产为原点,抽象程序模式则以人性假定为前提;在构建路径上,现实关系模式从人的"明确界分"到人的"全面发展",从"‘所有关系’即异化"到"人的自我实现"展开两层推演。抽象程序模式从"利益相关者"到没有明确界分的"纯粹道德主体"、从正义原则的选择到主体的利益分配完成两步设计方案。

Different connotations of justice have three aspects of commonness which include the clear di -vision between people , the relationship of gain and the distribution scale determined by this relationship .The construction models of Marx ’ s and Rawls ’ justice theory are completely different , which are real relationship model and abstract process model respectively .The differences between these two models are mainly manifes-ted in their logical starting point and construction path .On the aspect of logical starting point , real relationship model starts from material production , while abstract process model premised on the human nature hypothesis . On the aspect of construction path , real relationship model deduced in two layers , one goes from the “clear di-vision” of people to the “comprehensive development” of people and the other from “ownership” ,namely al-ienation, to “people’ s self-realization”.Abstract process model completed the two-step design scheme from“stakeholder” to non-clear defined “pure moral subject” and from the selection of justice principle to the sub-ject’ s benefits distribution .