年龄、权力与国家话语——以抗战前江苏省乡镇保甲长的选任为例

Age,Power and the National Discourse——The Election of Township Mayor and Baojia-zhang in Jiangsu Province Before the Anti-Japanese War

年龄与权力有着密切的联系,抗战前江苏省经历了从推崇年老乡镇保甲长到消极评价该群体的话语转移,随后国家通过设置年龄上限来实现乡镇保甲长群体年轻化,其原因有三:一是基于陈果夫倡导实干进取的政治理念的考虑;二是基于选拔受过新式教育的乡村精英的考虑;三是基于抗战军事准备的考虑。乡镇保甲长年轻化加速了国家政令的传达,其对于国家的社会控制和社会动员能力的增强,以及国家意识在乡村社会中的增长具有积极意义。因国家选任标准改变引起的新旧乡村权威的更替,正是近代基层政治结构变迁的反映。

Age and power are closely related .Before the Anti-Japanese War , there was a discourse shift from respecting the old Baojia-zhang to negatively evaluating this group in Jiangsu Province .Then the state set the upper age limit for the Baojia-zhang to make this group younger .There were there considerations for this reform:Chen Guofu ’ s progressive political ideas;selecting the rural elite received modern education;military preparations for the Anti-Japanese War .Making the Baojia-zhang younger accelerated the communication of national policy , which had played an active role in enhancing the ability of the national social control and mo-bilization as well as the growth of national consciousness in the rural society .Replacement between the old and new village authority derived from the change of the election standards reflects the changes in the modern grassroots political structure .