短时中等强度不同类型运动对小学生执行功能的影响

Empirical Study of the Impact of Various Short-Term Physical Activity of Moderate Intensity on the Executive Function of Children in their Preadolescence

目的:本实验探讨短时中等强度不同类型运动对小学生执行功能的影响作用,为运动促进小学生执行功能发展提供理论依据和实践基础。研究对象与方法:选取四年级小学生160名,将学生随机分为短时中等强度不同类型运动组和对照组,其中有氧运动干预组40人,阻力运动干预组40人,灵敏运动干预组40人,对照组40人,采用E-primel.l系统测量被试实验前期-后期执行功能的抑制、刷新和转换三个子功能的变化。结果:(1)短时中等强度不同类型运动对执行功能整体的影响存在差异;(2)不同类型的运动对小学生执行功能的抑制功能存在显著性差异;(3)短时中等强度不同类型运动对小学生的刷新功能影响存在差异(4)短时中等强度不同类型运动对小学生的转换功能影响存在差异。结论:(1)短时中等强度的运动可以提高小学生的执行功能,对小学生执行功能起选择性的积极影响;(2)运动类型是运动对小学生执行功能起积极作用的影响因素;(3)短时中等强度不同类型运动对执行功能整体及其各个子功能的影响具有差异性,有氧运动相较于灵敏运动和阻力运动更有利于促进小学生执行功能的提高。

Objective :This study investigated the effects of short -term physical activity of different kinds with moderate intensity to pupils ,so as to provide theoretical basis and practical foundation for the study of sport promoting the development of pupils ’ execu‐tive function .The target and methods of this study :pick up 244 pupils of grade 4 ,then divide the students into 4 groups at random according to different kinds ,containing contrasting group .The 4 groups are as listed below :62 of intervention group of aerobic ex‐ercise ,60 of intervention group of resistive exercise ,61 of intervention group of flexibility exercise and 61 for contrast group .E-prime1 .1 system is adopted to measure the change of 3 sub function ,inhibitory function ,updating function ,shifting function ,of ex‐ecutive function of the test’s earlier stage and later period .Results:(1) Different kinds of short -term physical activity with moder‐ate intensity show different influences to executive function .(2) Remarkable differences exist among the inhibitory function of pu‐pils’ executive function due to different kinds of sports .(3)The influence to the pupils’ updating function is different due to different kinds of short -term physical activity with moderate intensity .(4)The influence to the pupils’ shifting function is different due to different kinds of short -term physical activity with moderate intensity .Conclusions :(1) Short-term physical activity of moderate intensity is in fact effective solutions in enhancing the executive function of the students in their preadolescence .(2) The observed level of improvement depends on the types of physical activity performed .(3) Different types of short -term physical activity of moderate intensity affects only the selective sub function of the executive function ,comparing the results from all three interventions ,aerobic exercise has demonstrated to be the most effective type of physical activity in enhancing the executive function of the students in their preadolescence .