单、双腿纵跳爆发力练习的比较研究

The Study on the Comparison of The Explosive Force Training between ONE-LEG and TWO-LEGS Vertical Jumping

利用单、双腿进行负重纵跳练习是练习下肢爆发力很有效的训练方法,在竞技体育力量训练中广泛应用。本研究以12名男性篮球运动员为研究对象,结合myotest功能性测试仪和表面肌电对单、双腿纵跳爆发力练习进行了综合的研究,得出以下结论:(1)在纵跳起跳阶段,竖脊肌、多裂肌、臀大肌、股直肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌、腓肠肌内外侧头、比目鱼肌的激活程度随负荷的增加而相应增加,股二头肌、半腱肌的激活程度先增加后降低。(2)在双腿纵跳起跳阶段股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股直肌和臀大肌是主要作用肌肉。在单腿纵跳起跳阶段股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股直肌和比目鱼肌是主要作用肌肉。(3)双腿纵跳爆发力训练最佳负重是20%深蹲1RM负荷;单腿纵跳爆发力训练最佳负重是10%到15%深蹲1RM负荷之间。

Using a ONE-LEG and TWO-LEGS loaded vertical jump exercises are very effective training methods,it is widely used in sports strength training.In this study,we choose 12 male basketball players as our research object,using sEMG,combined myotest functional tester to analyze ONE-LEG and TWO-LEGS vertical jumping.According to the research,we get these conclusions:(1)In the vertical jump take-off stage,the degrees of activation of erector spinae,multifidus muscles,gluteus maximus,rectus femoris,vastus lateralis,vastus medialis,gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle are increasing with increasing load.The degrees of activation of femoris biceps and semitendinosus muscle increase first and then decrease.(2)In the TWO-LEGS vertical jump take-off stage:vastus lateralis,vastus medialis,rectus femoris and gluteus maximus muscle are the main role muscle.In ONE-LEG vertical jump take-off stage:vastus lateralis,vastus medialis,rectus femoris and soleus muscle are the main role muscle.(3)The appropriate weight for TWO-LEGS explosive vertical jump training is 20% of squat 1RM load;The appropriate weight for ONE-LEG explosive vertical jump training is 10%to 15%of squat 1RM load.