鲁迅眼中的俄国诗人:形象学视野下的《摩罗诗力说》

Russian poets in Lu Xun's eyes: “on the power of satanical poetry” from the perspective of imagology

鲁迅在《摩罗诗力说》中描绘了一个以拜伦为宗的摩罗诗人谱系,提出了诗人的任务是"撄人心"的观点。俄国诗人普希金和莱蒙托夫是鲁迅刻画的两位作为"精神界战士"的摩罗诗人。作为注视者,鲁迅在建构诗人形象时根据自身的期待视野使用了新的参考系,以这一参考系评价了俄国诗人。同时,形象建构过程不仅是主体与客体的对话,也是两种文化之间的对话,是社会集体想象物的产物。中国的特殊境遇使鲁迅在建构俄国诗人形象的过程中以中国的文化模式意识形态化了他者形象,其目的是通过宣扬摩罗诗歌的精神,改造国民性,改变弱国弱民的状况。

In “On the Power of Satanical poetry”, Lu Xun described a system of satanical poets which treats Byron as the ancestor, and insisted the point that the mission of a poet is to inspire people’s heart. Russian poets Pushkin and Lermontov are satanical poets whom he described as the “spiritual warrior”. As a watcher, Lu Xun used a new reference system based on his horizon of expectation when he constructed the image of Russian poets, and evaluated them based on this new reference system. At the same time, the image construction process is not only the dialogue between the subject and the object, but also the dialogue between two cultures, which is the production of the social collective imagination. The special circumstances of China made Lu Xun employ ideology of Chinese mode to reconstruct the Russian poet images, of which the purpose is to spread the Satan spirit of poetry to reform the weak national characters and change the weak situation.