后经典叙事学与文学研究的“话语转向”

Postclassical narratology and “discursive turn” in literary studies

"话语转向"作为文学理论从"现代"向"后现代"过渡中最重要的范式转换之一,在将文学置于开放性的外在向度的同时,也在一定程度上失落了对于文本结构本身的关注。作为伴随"话语转向"而兴起的一种新的学科架构与知识体系,后经典叙事学一方面将人们的视域延伸至更宽广的社会文化语境,一方面也不忘立足文本,对文本自身各要素的复杂关系加以审慎的梳理与细致的辨析,并为研究者提供了一系列切实而具体的文本解读方式。后经典叙事理论不仅矫正了当前文学研究对于文本本身的相对忽视,同时也缓和了文论转型中"语言"和"话语"两阶段之间的张力,从而在"话语转向"的总体背景下展现出了充分的生长可能。

“Discursive turn” is one of the most important transformations in the movement from “modern” to“postmodern” in literary theory. Placing literature into the open and external dimension of theoretical research, to a certain extent, discursive turn overlooks the texture and structure of the text. “Postclassical narratology” is a new disciplinary structure and knowledge system which emerged with the tendency of “discursive turn”. On the one hand,“postclassical narratology” extends people’ horizons to the broader dimension of society and culture. On the other hand, it mostly focuses on the complex relationships among elements of literary work, and provides a series of practical critical mode to researchers. Postclassical narratology not only corrects the contemporary prejudice of neglecting the text itself, but also eases the tension between “language” and “discourse” in the transformation of literary theory. In conclusion, postclassical narratology unfolds sufficient space of development under the general background of “discursive turn”.