我国高等教育入学机会的区域差异及其变迁

The Regional Gap of Access to China Higher Education and Its Change

改革开放三十多年来,我国普通高等教育的总体入学机会的区域差异逐步缩小,优质高等教育机会的区域差异相对凸显,表现为京津沪地区处于绝对优势、民族地区具有比较优势以及中部省份相对落后的格局,近年来这一格局日趋固化。导致优质高等教育机会区域差异的两个主要因素是教育资源的空间分布不平衡和民族地区扶持政策的干预效应。未来高等教育区域协调发展的政策调整应及时关注"中部坍塌"问题,在严格限制部属重点大学属地化招生比例的同时,建立基于人口比例和区域平衡的高考录取改革政策。

Since the reform and opening-up,the regional gap of access to higher education reduced gradually;while the regional gap of acquiring high-quality higher education differed significantly,showing Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai held all the cards,the ethnic areas had comparative advantages,and the middle provinces lagged behind relatively.In recent years,such situation solidified progressively.It resulted from the unbalanced distribution of education resource and the favorable enrollment policies for the ethnic areas.The future policy for higher education balanced development should focus on the middle collapse.It should make the higher education enrollment policy based on population distribution and regional balance,with restricting the enrollment ratio of the state key universities in their regions.