驻陕某部两年间儿童接种吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗局部不良反应对比分析

Local adverse reactions of diphtheria tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine adsorbed in children vaccinating in two years in a Shanxi area:a comparative analysis

目的减少吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗(diphtheria tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine adsorbed,DTaP)预防接种工作中不良反应及并发症的发生,使儿童计划免疫工作顺利进行,保证儿童健康。方法针对2011年6~8月接种DTaP 72例中出现不良反应8例的情况,于2012年改进方法,尽量避免一切能够引起不良反应的因素,接种DTaP 95例并进行追踪观察,同时与2011年的结果对比。结果 2011年,DTaP接种后局部立即出现红晕1例,2h后消退;接种部位当晚出现红肿伴硬结7例,1周后痊愈。2012年,接种后局部立即出现轻微红晕1例,1h后消退。经χ2检验,两年间预防接种DTaP局部不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.41,P【0.05)。结论接种工作人员不仅要正确掌握DTaP的接种技术,严格按技术规范操作,还要注意外界因素如环境温度等对疫苗接种的影响,同时积极与家长沟通做好家庭护理,这样才能更好地降低红肿硬结反应发生率。

Objective To reduce the adverse reaction of diphtheria,tetanus and acellular peruses combined vaccine adsorbed drape(DTaP)for children,and to prevent the complications in vaccination,to make sure that the planned immunization for children goes on well.Methods Eight cases of adverse reactions of DTaP occurred in children vaccinated in June to August 2011;After improvement of the methods in 2012 in order to avoid all factors that can cause adverse reactions,95 cases of children vaccination were conducted and the adverse reactions after immunization comparatively analyzed with that of72 cases vaccinated in 2011.Results Only 1case in 2011 that vaccination site appeared flush after inoculation,faded after 2h,7cases that inoculated site appeared red and swollen with indurations,recovered after a week.In 2012,vaccination site appeared slight flush after vaccination and faded after1 hin 1case.Byχ2 test,significant difference of local vaccination response was found between two years(P<0.05).Conclusions Vaccination staff should not only correctly grasp the drape vaccination technique in strict accordance with the technical specifications,but also pay more attention to external factors,such as ambient temperature of vaccination. At the same time,they should actively communicate with parents about good home care to reduce the incidence of the red callosity reaction.