中国近海浮游植物叶绿素、初级生产力时空变化及其影响机制研究进展

Review on Spatial-Temporal Variation of China' Offshore Phytoplankton Chlorophyll and Primary Productivity and Their Variational Mechanism

综合分析中国近海不同海域浮游植物的时空分布和季节变化特征研究,概述该海域浮游植物叶绿素和初级生产力研究。受复杂的物理环境场、生物地球化学作用等综合影响,不同海域Chl-a和初级生产力具有显著的时空变化特征:空间上,叶绿素浓度表现为近岸高离岸低、离岸海域随纬度增加呈升高趋势;时间上,大体呈现明显的季节变化特征,北部季节特征尤为明显,其中叶绿素浓度及生产力的季节最大值在南海出现在冬季,而在中国北部海域逐渐变化为春季。影响浮游植物生长的主要因素有营养盐、温度、光照、陆源输入、季风、环流、涡旋等,不同海域、不同季节浮游植物生长的限制因子有差异。另外,由于遥感数据的精度以及现场观测航次的频率较低和站位布置较为稀疏影响了上述机制的探讨,因而浮游植物生长的主要调控机制仍待进一步研究。

Based on synthetical analysis of spatial and temporal distribution and seasonal variations of offshore phytoplankton in different seas of China, and a review on phytoplankton chlorophyll and primary productivity were summarized. Chl-a and primary productivity in different ocean regions present significant spatial and temporal variation under the control of the combined effects of complex physical environmental fields and biogeochemistry: in space, the chlorophyll concentration shows roughly high alongshore regions and low in offshore regions, with the increasing tendency of Chl-a with the increase of latitude in the offshore waters; as for time, it generally showed significant seasonal variation, especially in northern seasonal characteristics, including the maximum of seasonal chlorophyll concentration and productivity in the South China Sea appear generally in the winter, while they in northern waters north China appear gradually in the spring. The main factors regulating the growth of phytoplankton include nutrients, temperature, light, terrestrial input, monsoon, ocean circulation, eddies and so on. However in different ocean regions, limiting factors of phytoplankton growth in different seasons are generally various. In addition, due to the low accuracy of remote sensing and low repeatability and more sparse arrangement of field observation stations, it is difficult to explore the impact of these mechanisms, and thus, the main mechanisms regulating phytoplankton growth are needed for further study in the future.