居雍秦公述论

A Study on Kings of Qin who Lived in the Capital,Yong City

秦国共有31位国君,其中居雍者20位。居雍秦公大致可以分为三种类型,即奋发有为型、短命无为型和平庸守成型。相较列国而言,雍城时期的秦公总体素质不错,为日后秦的统一奠定了基础。秦公之所以善于借鉴,勇于变革,重用外贤,唯才是举,与秦人曲折的历史、多元的文化、特殊的环境、较为落后的状况以及图强的强烈愿望密不可分。雍城时期秦公的素质是由当时秦国的内外环境决定的,起决定性作用的是秦人的文化传统和价值取向。而作为引领者和决策者的秦公,其素质又决定着秦人的发展方向和秦国的前途命运。

There are 31 kings in the history of Qin,and 20 kings live in the Yong City,the capital. They can be roughly classified into three types:the ambitious and accomplished,the short-lived and incapable,and the mediocre and conservative.Compared with kings of other kingdoms during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,kings of Qin living in Yong City were generally of good quality,and they laid foundation for the subsequent Qin'unification of China.The reasons why these kings were good at drawing lessons from others,courageous to reform,selected officials according to their ability and ap-preciated talents were closely related to Qin people's checkered history,diversified culture and internal and external environment of the kingdom.The decisive factor was Qin people's cultural tradition and value orientation.As the leaders and decision makers,kings of Qin determined Qin people's develop-ment direction and the kingdom's destiny.