织物结构对复合材料力学性能影响的试验研究

Experimental study on influence of fabric structure on mechanical properties of composites

为探讨不同结构形式织物对复合材料力学性能的影响及其损伤破坏机制之间的差异,通过宏观拉压试验,研究了经编及平纹碳纤维织物增强树脂基复合材料的拉伸及压缩力学性能,并利用声发射对试验过程进行实时监测,对破坏后的断口进行显微镜观察分析,分别给出了两种材料的拉伸和压缩破坏机制.研究结果表明:织物结构形式对复合材料的力学性能有较大影响,与经编织物复合材料相比,平纹织物复合材料的拉伸、压缩强度均较低,且其拉伸、压缩破坏试样的断口相对齐平,分层现象不明显;根据声发射监测结果可以判定两种复合材料损伤过程中的损伤类型,与经编织物相比,平纹织物复合材料拉/压过程中的声发射电压信号相对稳定且整体强度较低.

The tensile and compressive properties of warp?knitting and plain woven carbon fiber composites were studied by the macro tensile and compression test, and acoustic emission analysis and microscopy analysis of the fracture surface of destroyed specimens were adopted to realize the failure mechanism of tensile and compression deeply. The results show that the fabric structural forms have great influence on mechanical performance of carbon fiber composites. Compared with warp?knitting carbon fiber composites, plain woven carbon fiber composites have lower tensile and compressive strength, the fracture of the destroyed specimens were much more regularly, and the stratification phenomena was not obvious. On the acoustic emission analysis, the types of damage can be determined in the process of destruction. Compared with warp?knitting carbon fiber composites, plain woven carbon fiber composites have relatively stable but lower acoustic emission voltage signal.