19世纪末以前英国基础教育教师收入初探

On the Income of the Schoolmasters in England before the End of the 19th Century

中世纪以来,英国基础教育教师的职位逐步拓展到社会不同身份和地位的人群,逐步打破了由神职人员垄断的局面。在国民教育体系形成以前,教师生活来源大体可以分为神职收入、社会捐赠、薪金、奖金、学费、小费,以及其他补充收入等,不同等级的学校、不同身份和地位的教师生活状况各有差异。教师群体也因此逐渐形成身份多元化、群体复杂性、地位和职能多样性的特点,长期以来很难形成统一的职业行会,以保障群体利益。近代以来,随着国家对教育事务的更多关注,教师薪酬制度逐渐确立,教师职业逐渐走向规范化、专业化。

Since the middle ages, schoolmasters as a career gradually expanded to different social identity and status in England, and education was not gradually monopoly by the clergy completely. Before the formation of national education system, the source of life of the schoolmasters could include prebend and benefice, social donation, salary, bonus, fees, and other supplementary income, etc. and there were difference among the different schools, different identity and status. It was one of the reasons that schoolmasters gradually diversified in the formation of identity, diversity, complexity, position and function diversity, long-term since it is difficult to form a unified occupation guild, in order to protect the interests of. In the modern time, with the country paying more attention to education, teachers' salary system gradually established, the teacher occupation gradually move toward standardization, specialization.