水(冰):宇宙矿物

Water ice: cosmic mineral

水(冰)是最简单的化合物,也是宇宙中丰度最大的矿物。通常认为,水无嗅、无味,无处不在。然而,液态水或固态水却是异乎寻常的物质。水具有某些其它物质没有的,特别是赋予生命所要求的特殊性质,如氢键、水簇和kosmotrope离子等。本文综述水(冰)的结构、化学性质、物理性质、分布以及与生命的关系。

Water is often perceived to be ordinary as it is transparent, odorless, tasteless and ubiquitous. It is one of the simplest compounds, consisting of just two hydrogen atoms attached to a single oxygen atom. Liquid or solid water, however, is a most extraordinary substance. Water possesses particular properties that cannot be found in other materials and that are required for life-giving processes, such as, hydrogen bonds, water clusters and kosmotropic ions.