黄土高原降雨径流调控利用应用基础研究评述

Review of applied basis research on regulation and utilization of rainfall runoff in Loess Plateau of China

干旱缺水与水土流失是制约黄土高原经济社会可持续发展的两大瓶颈。几十年的水土保持实践表明,降水径流的利用和调控是解决这两大障碍的有效手段,是黄土高原水土保持科学理论的继承与进一步发展。从降雨径流运行规律、雨水资源潜力的计算与评价、降雨径流优化配置理论与方法、降雨径流利用的生态和环境效应4个方面分析了黄土高原降雨径流调控利用应用基础研究方面的进展。最后,提出了近中期降雨径流调控利用应用基础研究的若干重点,为有效控制黄土高原水土流失和缓解干旱缺水提供借鉴。

Drought and water shortage,as well as soil erosion are the two major obstacles to restrict economic and social sustainable development in the Loess Plateau of China. Slope runoff is the key factor which caused water loss and soil erosion several decades. The practice of soil and water conservation in several decades has indicated that rainfall runoff regulation and utilization( RRRU) is considered an effective means to solve these two major obstacles. RRRU is the inheritance and further development of soil and water conservation scientific theories in Loess Plateau of China. This paper analyzes and reviews the progress of RRRU in applied basis research from 4aspects:( 1) the operational rules of rainfall runoff,( 2) the calculation and evaluation of rainwater resources utilization potential,( 3) the optimized allocation theory and method of rainfall runoff,and( 4) the ecological and environmental effects of rainfall runoff utilization. Finally,this paper gives the several key research issues of RRRU in recent and mid-term,to provide guidance for resolving the problems of drought and water shortage,and soil erosion in the Chinese Loess Plateau.