有机无机复混肥优化化肥养分利用的效应与机理研究 Ⅲ.有机物料与钾肥复混对玉米产量及肥料养分吸收利用的影响

Study on the enhancement and mechanism of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on inorganic fertilizer utilization Ⅲ. Effect of potassium sulfate combined with organic material on maize yield and K fertilizer utilization

【目的】将有机物料与化学钾肥按不同比例复混制成有机无机复混钾肥,研究其对优化化肥钾的吸收利用效应和机理,可为复混肥的科学应用提供依据。【方法】以味精厂制糖形成的糖渣作为有机原料,与硫酸钾按照3∶1、1∶1、1∶3(w/w)比例复混,采用团粒法制成含钾量分别为K2O 12.2%、24.7%和37.3%的有机无机复混钾肥。采用土柱栽培方法,设置K2O低(75 kg/hm2)、中(150 kg/hm2)、高(225 kg/hm2)3个施钾水平,每个施钾水平下,采用不同含钾量的有机无机复混钾肥为供试肥料,以硫酸钾为对照,同时设置与钾处理等量的糖渣施用量处理作为对照,以消除有机物料可能带来的影响。以玉米为供试作物,玉米收获后,分别测定叶片、茎鞘、籽粒中的含钾量,并根据生物量计算钾的累积量和化肥钾的利用率。【结果】1)低钾、高钾水平下,复混钾肥比硫酸钾处理分别增产27.75%和10.77%;而中钾水平下,复混钾肥没有表现出明显的增产效果;低钾、中钾和高钾水平,复混钾肥玉米植株籽粒平均产量较硫酸钾增产11.36%。2)低钾、高钾水平下,复混钾肥玉米植株钾素吸收量比硫酸钾处理分别提高31.32%和16.11%;中钾水平下,复混钾肥植株钾素吸收量较硫酸钾处理没有明显增加;有机无机复混钾肥处理在低钾、中钾和高钾水平下的植株平均吸钾量较硫酸钾处理提高11.43%。3)低钾、中钾、高钾水平复混钾肥玉米植株平均吸钾量较等量有机物料处理提高11.92%,而硫酸钾处理较不施钾肥的对照处理(CK)仅提高3.31%,有机物料与钾复混后,显著提高了玉米植株吸钾量。4)低钾、高钾水平下,复混钾肥的平均化肥钾表观利用率比硫酸钾有所提高;中钾投入水平下,复混钾肥处理钾的表观利用率与硫酸钾处理基本相同;低钾、中钾和高钾水平,复混钾肥平均钾素表观利用率比硫酸钾处理提高17.92个百分点。【结论】有机物料与硫酸钾复混,可以优化硫酸钾的肥效和玉米对其中钾的吸收利用。综合考虑玉米产量和钾肥利用率,糖渣与硫酸钾的适宜复混比例可定为1∶3(w/w),其施用量在与本试验类似的土壤条件下应低于硫酸钾的施用量。

【Objectives】Fewer researches have been done systemically on the adjustment of organic-inorganic recombination on the chemical K use efficiency. The study on the K efficiency of potassium sulphate after granulated with sugar residues in different ratios will be helpful to understand the beneficial mechanism of yield and profit increase of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. 【Methods】Three kinds of organic-inorganic compound Kfertilizers were made via mixing sugar residues from monosodium glutamate factory with potassium sulfate in 3 ∶ 1,1 ∶ 1 and 1 ∶ 3( w / w) and granulated using pan granulator. A pot experiment was carried out using the three compound K fertilizers and potassium sulphate. Three total K input levels of K2 O 75,150 and 225 kg / hm2 were designed for each tested fertilizer, and the same input level of sugar residues without K was used as the corresponding control of the compound K fertilizer to eliminate the possible effect by organic materials. The crop yield,K uptake,K use efficiency were investigated. 【Results 】1) The maize grain yield was increased by11. 36% in average with application of compound K fertilizer. The maize grain yield was increased by 27. 75% and10. 77% at the low and high input rates of compound K fertilizer,but decreased by 3. 24% at medium input level,compared to potassium sulfate. 2) Application of compound K fertilizers could increase the K uptake of maize plant by 11. 43% in average. The K uptake of maize plant was increased by 31. 32% and 16. 11% at the low and high K inputs of compound K fertilizers,but decreased by 9. 11% at medium input,compared to potassium sulphate.3) The increase of K uptake by maize plant with the application of compound K fertilizers was 11. 92% higher than corresponding organic material treatments in average,which exceed the K uptake increase with potassium sulfate to the no K control. 4) The average K recovery of the three compound K fertilizers input rates was 17. 92 percentage points higher,compared to potassium sulfate. Under the same total K input,inorganic-K recoveries were increased at both the low and high rates,but not at medium rate. 【Conclusion 】The combination of sugar residue and potassium sulphate could effectively increase the K use efficiency in general. Comprehensive considering the yield and utilization of K,the relatively appropriate mix ratio of sugar residues and potassium sulphate should be in 1 ∶ 3( w /w),and the application rate of the compound K fertilizer should be less than normal chemical K fertilizer under the similar soil condition tested.