基于GIS的上海市社区暴雨积涝模拟研究

GIS-based simulation study on community rainstorm waterlogging in Shanghai Municipality

随着城市化的推进,暴雨积涝逐渐成为许多城市的主要自然灾害,但当前积涝模型大多基于水动力学方法,需要大量的输入参数,不便于推广和应用。研究采用了积水站数据反算区域排水,并基于简化的城市暴雨积涝模型模拟研究区的积水深度和受淹房屋分布。在此基础上,利用现有灾情资料对模拟结果进行了评估。分析表明,该方法可以较好地模拟五角场街道在一定降雨强度下的积涝空间分布;研究区内积水深度与地表高程密切相关,积水面积和受淹房屋数量都随降雨量的增大而增大,且增幅逐渐放缓,而区内受淹房屋主要为低矮平房、老旧房屋和厂房。

With urbanization development,rainstorm and waterlogging have gradually become the primary natural disasters in many cities,but the current waterlogging models mostly based on hydrodynamic methods which require a lot of input parameters are inconvenient in popularization and application. This study used the water monitoring station data to calculate inversely regional water drainage capacity,and simulate the accumulated water depth and the distribution of submerged housing in study area based on a simplified urban rainstorm waterlogging model. On this basis,we used the existing disaster situation messages to assess the simulation results. Analyses show that the waterlogging spatial distribution in Wujiaochang Street can be better simulated by this method; the accmmulated water depth in the study area is closely related with the surface elevation; Flooded area and the number of flooded houses increase with increase of precipitation,and the increase rate tends to become slower; In addition,the flooded houses in this area are mainly lower bungalow houses,old houses and factories.