剂型、灌水量和土壤疏松度对甲维盐在土壤中分布及防治根结线虫效果的影响

Effects of formulations,irrigation volumes and loose degree of soils to the distribution of emamectin benzoate in soils on root-knot nematode Meloidogyn spp.

为明确剂型、灌水量等对杀线虫剂防治根结线虫效果的影响,采用土壤薄层层析和高效液相色谱法分析了乳油和微囊悬浮剂型及不同灌水量对甲维盐在不同疏松度土壤中的分布特点,并以番茄为材料进行了根结线虫田间防治试验。结果表明,微囊悬浮剂型甲维盐随水迁移能力较乳油剂型强。药量相同、单株灌水量为1 600 m L时,2种剂型在疏松土壤中分布较为均匀,其次是800m L;200 m L和400 m L时,乳油剂型的分布均匀度明显大于微囊悬浮剂型。单株灌水量800 m L时2种剂型在致密土壤中分布的均匀度显著低于疏松土壤,乳油剂型略高于微囊悬浮剂型。番茄定植后单株甲维盐有效成分为10 mg、灌水量为800 m L和1 600 m L时,乳油剂型防效分别为67.90%和79.62%,微囊悬浮剂型分别为65.00%和77.50%,差异不显著。表明田间使用甲维盐乳油或微囊悬浮剂型防治蔬菜根结线虫时应尽量在移栽后随水冲施,且单株灌水量不低于800 m L。

To investigate the effects of formulations,irrigation volumes and other factors on the control efficiency to Meloidogyn spp.,the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were used to test the distribution of emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and capsule suspension (CS) in the soils at different loose degrees,and their control efficiencies to root-knot nematodes under different irrigation volumes were also compared.The results of TLC test showed that emamectin benzoate CS had better transfer ability than EC.For the same dosage of emamectin benzoate used,both formulations exhibited uniform distribution in loose soils when used at 1 600 mL water per plant,followed by 800 mL water per plant.However,the depth and breadth of distribution of EC in the soil were evidently higher than those of CS at 200 mL and 400 mL water per plant.The depth and breadth of distribution of both formulations were significantly lower in the dense soil than the loose soil at 800 mL water per plant,and EC was higher than CS.In field tests,when 10 mg active ingredients per plant after transplant were used,good efficiency was achieved when the irrigation volumes was 800 mL or 1 600 mL:the control efficiencies of EC were 67.90％ and 79.62％,and those of CS were 65.00％ and 77.50％,respectively.The control efficiencies of two formulations had no significant difference.In conclusion,emamectin benzoate EC or CS should be used by water flush and the water consumption is no less than 800 mL per plant for controlling root-knot nematodes in the field.