馆藏唐卡保管与预防性保护

Conservation,Operation,and Preventive Protection of Thangkas in Museum PelsangPhento

唐卡按质地归类于纺织品,由于它是由纤维素、蛋白质、脂质等有机物组成,这些有机物及装裱上用的糨糊都是霉菌和细菌的丰富养料,所以很容易发生虫蛀现象。唐卡又可以归为彩绘文物,使用各种矿物及植物颜料绘制的唐卡,由于其本身的材料属性决定了它的"弱质"、易损、保护难度大,加之西藏常年干燥,造成唐卡画面干朽脆裂。将西藏博物馆保管部唐卡保护修复工作与保管专业日常管理相结合,以文物保护的预防性保护为主要指导思想,遵循最小干预、可辨识性、可逆性、兼容性、安全耐久性等原则,通过实践,强调预防性保护的必要性。本文从库房环境、对画心和镶边的病害问题、保存要求以及保管方法谈谈自己的看法。

Thangka could be categorized as a type of textile because it is composed of cellulose,protein and lipid,which,plus the glue for framing,are all nutriments for ferment and bacteria.As a result,there are often worm-damages found on Thangka.Also,Thangka could be regarded as colored paintings,whose painting materials consist of various mineral and vegetal pigments that make the paintings fragile and hard to protect.The dry weather in Tibet often brings up brittle fractures on Thangka.This article discusses the conservation,restoration and operation of Thangkas collected in Tibet Museum.The museum integrates the conservation and daily operation,emphasizing minimum intervention as principle,as well as other significant indexes as identifiability,reversibility,compatibility and sustainability.Preventive protection is highly underscored.