西藏草原5种主要有毒植物营养成分

Nutrition contents analysis of five kinds of main poisonous plants in Tibet natural grassland

采用国家标准法对西藏天然草原茎直黄芪(Astragalus strictus)、甘肃棘豆(Oxytropis kansuensis)、毛瓣棘豆(Oxytropis sericopetala)、瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)和藏橐吾(Ligularia rumicifolia)5种主要有毒植物不同物候期常规营养成分和矿质元素含量进行测定。结果显示,在5种植物中,粗蛋白平均含量以茎直黄芪最高,其次为甘肃棘豆,且两者粗蛋白含量均超过19%;茎直黄芪中花期粗蛋白含量最高,花前期最低,花期和花果期差异不显著(P>0.05);而甘肃棘豆中粗蛋白含量以花前期最高,花果期最低,花前期和花期差异不显著。粗纤维平均含量由高到低依次为毛瓣棘豆、藏橐吾、茎直黄芪、甘肃棘豆和瑞香狼毒,且均以花果期最高,花前期最低。5种植物Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn和Zn含量均以花前期最高,花期次之,花果期最低;但Se含量花果期相对较高。由此得出,茎直黄芪和甘肃棘豆营养较为丰富,具有潜在饲用价值,毛瓣棘豆、瑞香狼毒和藏橐吾营养价值偏低。

The present study detected the conventional nutrients and mineral elements content of 5 kinds of poisonous plants including Astragalus strictus,Oxytropis kansuensis,Oxytropis sericopetala,Stellera chamaejasme and Ligularia rumicifolia in Tibet natural grassland during their different phenological phases using national standards.The results showed that the average crude protein contents were highest in the A. strictus and second highest in O.kansuensis which were more than 19%. For A. strictus,the contents of crude protein were highest in blooming period and lowest in pre-blooming period without significant difference between blooming period and fruiting period. For O. kansuensis,the contents of crude protein were highest in pre-blooming period and lowest in fruiting period without significant difference between pre-blooming and blooming period and fruiting period. The contents of crude fiber decreased in the following order: O. sericopetala,L. rumicifolia,A. strictus,O. kansuensis and S. chamaejasme and were highest in fruiting period and lowest in pre-blooming period. The contents of mineral elements,including Mg,Fe,Cu,Mn and Zn in all of the 5 tested plants were highest in pre-blooming period and were lowest in fruiting period,however,the content of Se was relatively higher in fruiting period. In conclusion,A. strictus and O. kansuensis may had rich nutritional and potential value for pasture whereas O. sericopetala,S. chamaejasme and L. rumicifolia had low nutritional value.