中国中心城市铁路客运的空间联系及其结构图谱

Railway passenger transport spatial contacts and their structure Tupu(array) of central cities in China

基于全国286个地级城市交互式的"城市—车次—城市"铁路客运联系数据,运用基于O-D网络的GIS空间分析方法,从普快、快速、特快、动车和高铁等细分车次类型的角度全面解构全国铁路客运联系的空间格局与结构特征。研究认为,全国中心城市铁路空间联系分布格局体呈现向东倾斜的"开"字型结构,即由京沪—沪深线(沿海轴)、京广—京哈线两纵轴与陇海—兰新线、沪昆线两横轴相互交汇形成全国铁路客运的骨架。全国铁路客运联系服从类似城市体系的位序—规模分布特征,属于自然状态下集中型的空间最优分布。中国铁路客运联系总体上依托大的交通轴线以近域核心城市间的联系为主,动车组及高铁联系则集中表现为东部三大经济区间的联系。

On the basis of current interactive connection of railway passenger transport between 286 central cities in China and the analysis of different passenger train types--local, rapid, express, multiple units and high-speed railway, the paper intends to comprehensively deconstruct the spatial pattern of national railway passenger transport and its structure characteristics by using GIS methods based on O-D contact network, whose goal is to reveal the national railway passenger spatial contacts, distribution regularity and regional difference more clearly and profoundly, as well as new technical ideas and more data for transportation spatial connect research by means of making use of central cities' interactive connection data of 'city-train-city' and overcoming the problem that traditional railway connection only has the information between origination and destination and lacks that of the intermediate stations. The results show that the spatial framework of national railway passenger transport between central cities presents an eastward tilted'kai'font shape, which mainly consists of two vertical train lines: Beijing-Shanghai to Shanghai-Shenzhen, Beijing-Guangzhou to Beijing-Harbin, and two horizontal lines: Lanzhou-Lianyungang to Lanzhou-Urumqi and Shanghai-Kunming. The linkage of national railway passenger transport between central cities is characterized by Rank-Size distribution, which belongs to the most optimal centralized distribution in natural state. The connection of national railway passenger transport between central cities generally relies on important transport axis and neighbor core cities. This study clearly demonstrates the major contact directions and corresponding intensities between inter and outer railway transports in a given subdivision types of train number. The study shows that the rapid train dominates the current railway passenger transport in China. The rapid development of the multiple units and high-speed railway technology has greatly changed the structure of Chinese railway passenger transport. The contacts of multiple units and high-speed railways concentrate in three economic regions of eastern China. However, there is a tighter linkage between Beijing and Shanghai, as well as Beijing and Guangzhou compared with that between Shanghai and Guangzhou(Shenzhen). A relative weak contact between Shanghai and Guangzhou(Shenzhen) is attributed to the infrastructure of high-speed railway facilities lagging behind.