人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的空间量化评价——以莱州湾海域为例

AN INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT ON IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY IN LAIZHOU BAY, CHINA

本文针对海域管理中难以量化人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的问题,提出人海关系空间量化模型,通过完善概念模型、构建指标体系、确定权重及标准,最终利用作用强度和位置关系量化人类活动对海洋生态系统的影响,数值在0—1之间,等分为四个影响程度,由弱到强依次为微弱、中等、强烈和极强,并将该模型和量化方法应用于莱州湾海域。研究结果表明:整个莱州湾受人类活动的综合影响均值为0.425,处于中等影响程度;其中污水排放、围填海工程及港口航运是对莱州湾生态系统影响比较强烈的人类活动;研究海域中40%受到人类活动的强烈影响,44%为中等影响,16%为微弱影响。空间量化分析显示,人类活动对莱州湾近岸海域的综合影响比邻近外海强烈,其中影响较强烈的区域出现在西南近岸海区,而影响较微弱的海区则为莱州湾北部外海。该方法空间量化结果与莱州湾实际情况相符,说明人海关系空间量化模型适合定量化评估人类活动对该海域生态系统的影响,可为"山东半岛蓝色经济区"海域管理提供技术支持。

A proper balance between economic development and ecological environment is a major issue for coastal management. However, it is difficult to quantify the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems for the balance. Therefore, in terms of the impact intensity and spatial location, we proposed an integrated methodology for spatial quantification of relationship between human activities and marine ecosystems(SQRHM), which includes conceptual framework, indicator system, weights, standards, and computing formulas. In this method, the impact value is set between 0—1 and the impact status is divided equally into four levels: weak, medium, strong, and extremely strong. As an example, the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems in Laizhou Bay, China, was studied. The results show that the average impact value was 0.425 in the bay in overall, or at the medium level. The human activities included sewage disposal, reclamation engineering, and harbor activities. The impact status varied in different areas. Of the study area, 40% was scored strong, 44% medium, and 16% for weak. Spatial analysis indicated that the human impact on coastal water was stronger than on open-sea water, and the area under strong impact occurred mainly in the southwest of the bay, while weak in the open sea to the north. The result provides an integrated tool for coastal management of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula of China.