半干旱地区地膜覆盖栽培马铃薯平衡施肥研究

The Research on Balanced Fertilization of Potato under Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation in the Semi-arid Region

通过马铃薯"3414"试验,利用回归分析,研究了氮磷钾配合施用对地膜覆盖栽培马铃薯商品率及经济目标等重要指标的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾配合施用能显著提高地膜马铃薯商品率及经济目标,经济目标提高效应随着肥力的降低而增大。商品率平均提高2.8~2.0个百分点、鲜薯产量提高16.6%~95.8%、商品薯产量提高20.3%~101.1%、产值提高18.9%~99%、收益提高15.4%~86.8%。施肥水平控制在经济合理范围内,方有较高的利用率,现阶段极限施肥量为纯氮340.95~221.4 kg hm-2、五氧化二磷177.75~158.55 kg hm-2、氧化钾0~77.85 kg hm-2;经济合理施肥量为纯氮293.85~221.1 kg hm-2、五氧化二磷148.5~151.95 kg hm-2、氧化钾0~55.2 kg hm-2。

In this research, the potato '3414'experiment was conducted to determine the effects of plastic film mulching cultivation combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium(NPK) fertilizer on commodity rates and economic indicators of potatoes using the regression analysis. The results showed that plastic film mulching cultivation combined with NPK fertilizer significantly enhanced the commodity rates and economic indicators of potatoes. The economic indicators increased with the decrease of soil fertility. The commodity rate of potato increased, on average, by2.8%- 2.0%, yield of fresh potato by 16.6%- 95.8%, yield of commercial potato by 20.3- 101.1%, output by18.9%- 99%, income by 15.4%- 86.8%. The utilization rates of fertilizer could be increased only if the amounts were within economic and reasonable ranges. The limited amounts were N 340.95- 221.4 kg hm-2, P2O5177.75-158.55 kg hm-2, K2 O 0- 77.85 kg hm-2. The economic and reasonable fertilizer amounts were N 293.85- 221.1 kg hm-2P2O5148.5- 151.95 kg hm-2, K2 O 0- 55.2 kg hm-2at the present stage.