中国人文科学的“自创性”:以文化间性以柔克刚

Self-Creativity of Chinese Humanities: From Comparative Culture,Cross Culture to Inter-Cultural Turn

中国人文科学要以"自创性"参与全球对话,从逻辑上需要走三个步骤——"比较文化"、"跨文化"与"文化间转向"。"比较文化"就好似在两条"平行线"之间在做比照。比较的前提就是,被比较的双方或者几方文化必须是异质的。在这种比较方法论当中,比较为"同"还是比较出"异",就造成了不同的文化理解方式。"跨文化"则好似是一座桥梁。如果说,"比较文化"不强调相交的话,那么,"跨文化"则更强调沟通。"跨文化"交流的关键词就是"跨",cross就是交叉之意,"跨文化"需要在两种抑或几种文化之间"架桥"。而"文化间性"(interculturality)则关注不同文化传统之间的融会和交融,进而形成相互的深入的文化理解,最终要达成全球性的"文化整合"。质言之,从"比较文化"、"跨文化"到"文化间转向",它们分别承担了人文科学建构的不同层次的任务:"比较文化"的基本任务是"分殊",我与你是"不同"的;"跨文化"的基本任务是"互动",我与你是要"和"的;而"文化间转向"的基本任务则是"整合",我与你是"和而不同"的。在总体上,当今中国人文科学的建构,也需要从"比较"、"跨越"再到"间性",这样分三步走来建构"自创性"的体系。

Chinese humanities need to participate in global dialogue with Chinese self-creativity,and the paper proposes the three stages in the participation as comparative culture,cross culture to inter-cultural turn. While comparative culture may be viewed as comparison between two parallels,cross culture is more like a bridge between cultures,emphasizing on communication.Intercultural turn,however,focuses on the integration and the blending of different cultural traditions,seeking a deeper understanding of other cultures and eventually reaching global cultural integration. The tasks of comparative culture,cross culture and intercultural turn are to develop humanities on different levels,aiming respectively at cultural diversification,interaction,and integration. Therefore,the paper proposes that the development of Chinese humantities in the contemporary context should also move from the stages of comparing and crossing to intermediating so as to build a system of self-creativity.