咸水灌溉对黄河蜜瓜产量和品质的影响

Impact of Saline Water Irrigation on Fruit Yield and Quality of Melon(Cucumis melo cv.Huanghemi)in Northwest China

分析了不同矿化度(0.8g·L-1、2g·L-1和5g·L-1)灌溉水灌溉对黄河蜜瓜产量、作物抗性和果实品质的影响。结果表明:随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,作物耗水量逐渐降低,间苗后第49天之前耗水量明显降低,但随着高矿化度水持续使用,耗水量在定植后第49天有所增加;作物叶面积指数和叶面积持续时间不断降低;果实上市产量不断降低,但果实个数没有明显变化;收获指数不断增加;果实的可溶物总量明显增加;单个果实的种子数量明显增加;果实形状指数明显增加,灌溉水矿化度越高瓜形越接近球形。土壤电导率超过2.7dS·m-1时每增加单位土壤电导率作物总产量降低12.7%。

Melon plants(Cucumis melo cv.Huanghemi)was grown in an open field trial to investigate the effect of increased saline water concentration on yield,crop tolerance and fruit quality.Three saline water concentrations were evaluated:0.8,2 g·L-1and 5 g·L-1.The melon was irrigated by furrow irrigation.Total ETc decreased with increasing salinity of the irrigation water.The reduction in ETc was significant from day after thinning(DAT)49 onwards and increased over time with continuous saline irrigation.Increased salinity significantly reduced the leaf area index(LAI)and leaf area duration(LAD).A reduction in marketable fruit yield resulted from the lower mean weight of fruits,while the small decrease in the number of fruits per plant was not significant.The harvest index(HI)significantly increased with increasing salinity of the irrigation water.Total soluble solids(TSS)increased significantly with increasing salinity of the irrigation water while no significant difference was observed in flesh hardness,despite the increasing trend with increasing salinity.As the irrigation water salinity rose,the number of seeds per fruit increased significantly while the unit weight decreased but not significantly.The fruit shape index(FSI)increased significantly with increasing salinity of the irrigation water,with the fruits tending to become spherical.The maximum mean seasonal electrical conductivity of the saturated soil paste EC without yield reduction(i.e.,the salt tolerance threshold)was 2.7 dS·m-1 for the marketable yield.Above the salt tolerance threshold,the total yield was reduced by 12.7% per unit increase of soil salinity.