广义叙述学:叙事诗学发展的第三进阶

讲故事是人类的本能行为,是人类最基本的生存方式。随着当代电子传媒的飞速发展,大量新的叙述体裁(如"真人秀"、微博、微信)涌现出来,无论是旅游热、古迹热、消费热、食品安全忧虑,甚至国学热,都借叙述而取得公众关注。叙述学不得不面对文化实践,自我改造。不仅要有各门类叙述学处理各种体裁,还必须有覆盖各种叙述体裁的一般理论。"广义叙述学"是应文化的需要自然而然地产生;它不是一种人为的构筑,而是当代文化发展的总结。正因为此,我们组织了这组笔谈:五位多年在高校研究叙述学的学者对若干理论问题提出自己的看法:李卫华发现中国古人已经在讨论广义叙述学,金圣叹评论历史著作,用的是类似评论小说的方式,而且意识到"纪实"与"虚构"的重大分野;谭光辉对拙作《广义叙述学》中提出的纪实与虚构的"区隔"原则提出值得重视的商榷;王瑛认为广义叙述学的提出,是中国学术界长期努力的结果,是叙述学发展的"第三阶段";王委艳认为广义叙述学形成一种新的研究范式,使批评理论的中国化有了一种新的方式。本辑也附了一篇拙文,试图把一种似乎简单的现象——"分层"扩展到所有的叙述(尤其是"演示叙述")中,此时出现了远远比小说复杂的情况。参与讨论者的共同看法是:"广义叙述学"还远未形成一个体系,它作为一个新的学术生长点,等待着更多的学者参与、批评和发展。

Chairman's words: The general narratology appears naturally,which is not a man- made but a cultural development. It is because of this that we have this discussion. Li Wei- hua finds out that ancient Chinese people talked about "general narratology",such as Jin Shen- tan who was conscious of document and fiction. Tan Guang- hui's principle of "difference and separation "from General Narratology by Zhao Yi- heng is well worth discussing. Wang Ying thinks that general narratology is the third stage of narratology. Wang Wei- yan thinks that general narratology represents China's theory of criticism. Zhao Yi- heng's division of level can be used in all kinds of narrations. The common sense of scholars is that general narratology does not have its own system,but as an academic area it needs more scholars,criticism and development.