猪场厌氧肥水灌溉对设施油麦菜产量及品质的影响

Yield and Quality of Leafy Lettuce Irrigated with Anaerobic Effluent from Swine Farms

规模化畜禽养殖粪污已成为我国当前最为重要的污染来源,为有效控制畜禽养殖污染开展了猪场肥水设施灌溉田间试验,研究了不同肥水稀释比例灌溉对油麦菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:试验用猪场肥水与清水进行1∶2稀释灌溉(折算氮素投入量为292 kg·hm-2)能够提高油麦菜存活率、叶片数和株高,且产量比对照施肥处理增加17.67%。与对照处理和其他稀释比例处理相比,该优化模式生产的油麦菜能够维持较高的维生素C含量,显著抑制叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)含量并削减蔬菜植株内硝酸盐含量,油麦菜品质符合《农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜安全要求》(GB 18406.1—2001),且铜锌含量与对照相比不存在显著性差异,但油麦菜可溶性糖含量略有降低。

The waste from livestock and poultry farms has become a major agricultural source of environmental pollution in China. In order to utilize farm waste, a vegetable irrigation experiment using anaerobic effluent from pig farms was carried out. The yield and quality of leafy lettuce irrigated with different dilution of anaerobic wastewater were evaluated. The optimal fresh weight and plant height of leafy lettuce were obtained under 1∶2 of anaerobic wastewater to fresh water(T3), and the yield was increased by 17.67% in comparison with chemical fertilizer(CK). Irrigation with 100% wastewater decreased the survival rate of leafy lettuce to 78%. In the T3 treatment, leafy lettuce con-tained the highest content of ascorbic acid and relatively lower concentration of soluble sugar. Under T3 irrigation, MDA content was reduced, and nitrate concentration was lower than the limit of nitrate concentration of leafy vegetables. Copper and zinc concentrations of leafy lettuce under T3 irrigation did not differ from the control. Based on the present result, at least 4.34 hm2 of leafy lettuce-planting area was needed to treat anaerobic effluent generated from 10 000 head pig farm.