同意的涵义及其中国式表达

The Connotations of Consent in Western Political Ethics and Its Chinese-Style Expression

克雷尼格的同意概念,与对同意的其他解释相比较,最明显的特征或其特殊意义就在于利凸显了同意方的责任。虽然明示同意、默示同意及假设同意在解释政治义务或政治权利之合法性时都因其自身局限而陷入了困境,但这并不意味着同意概念就因此而丧失其存在意义。在当代中国社会,意蕴同意的"人民满意不满意"这样的标准,与西方政治学界传统上主要将同意理论用于证成公民政治义务的取向无关。这样,就避开了西方政治学家用以解释公民政治义务的明示同意、默示同意概念所遭遇的种种麻烦。

The most obvious feature of John Kleinig's consent idea compared with other interpretations of consent is that it highlights the responsibilities of the one who consents.The explicit consent,the tacit consent and the hypothetical consent all meet with difficulties in explaining the political obligations and the legitimacy of the political authorities,because of their limitations,but this does not mean that the consent idea consequently loses its meaning of existence.In the contemporary Chinese society,the standard of'people's satisfaction or dissatisfaction'implies consent,and it has nothing to do with the orientation of the consent theories in the western political studies which traditionally justify the political obligations of citizens mostly by the consent theories.In this way,it can avoid all kinds of troubles that the western political scientists have experienced while explaining the ideas of explicit consent,the tacit consent for the political obligations of citizens.