湘西社区妇女乳腺癌防治知识及健康行为现况

Awareness and health behaviors of breast cancer prevention of Xiangxi community women

目的了解湘西社区妇女乳腺癌防治认知情况及健康行为形成现状。方法采用整群抽样法,对湘西社区989名25~65岁妇女进行乳腺癌防治知识的问卷调查。结果社区妇女对患乳腺癌后会出现的不同症状和体征的知晓情况有显著性差异,乳腺癌乳房会出现肿块的知晓率(48.94%)明显高于乳房皮肤粗糙有凹陷、乳头有流液及腋下有肿块的知晓率(12.13%、8.19%、5.76%)(χ2=1 327.564,P<0.01)。不同年龄、民族、学历、职业的社区妇女对乳腺癌症状和体征的认知不同;社区女性对预防乳腺癌的健康行为形成率普遍较低,预防乳腺癌的自我检查、临床触诊、B超与钼靶X线的检查率(5.67%、3.94%、2.83%、0.91%)相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.063,P<0.05)。低家庭经济月收入(<500元)的妇女无预防乳腺癌的健康行为,自费与医疗保险人群的健康行为形成率有显著差异(χ2=46.042,P<0.01)。结论应通过社区加强重点人群乳腺癌知识的宣传教育和有效筛查,提高妇女对乳腺癌防治的认知水平和健康行为,从而降低乳腺癌发病率和死亡率。

Objective To understand the Xiangxi community women against breast cancer cognitive and health behavior. Methods Using cluster sampling method,989 Xiangxi community women aged 25 ~ 65 years old were surveyed about breast cancer prevention knowledge. Results The women in the community was aware of the situation of the different signs and symptoms of breast cancer,breast cancer breast lump awareness( 48. 94%) was significantly higher than breast skin rough,nipple the flow fluid and underarm mass awareness( 12. 13%,8. 19% and 5. 76%)( χ2= 1 327. 564,P<0. 01). Different age,ethnicity,education,professional women in the community had different awareness of breast cancer symptoms and signs. Self-examination,clinical palpation,B ultrasound checked and X-ray mammography rate( 5. 67%,3. 94%,2. 83% and 0. 91%) had statistical significance( χ2= 45. 063,P < 0. 05). The women with low household economy( <500 yuan monthly) had no breast cancer prevention behavior. Health behavior formation rate had significant difference between own expense and medicare population( χ2= 46. 042,P<0. 01). Conclusions Breast cancer knowledge and effective screening should be strengthened to improve cognitive level and health behaviors of women for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer,thereby reducing the incidence and mortality of breast cancer.