新疆柴窝堡湖湿地的植物群落组成及其类型

Plant community and floristic composition of Chaiwopu Lake wetland in Xinjiang,China

柴窝堡湖湿地是乌鲁木齐的重要水源地和生态屏障。本研究通过野外实地调查方法分析了柴窝堡湖湿地的植物群落组成、区系及其类型。结果表明,柴窝堡湖湿地共有维管束植物30科84属122种,其中,蕨类植物1科1属1种,双子叶植物23科62属90种,单子叶植物6科21属31种;种子植物区系成分较为简单,具有典型温带属性。生活型以草本植物为主,占总种数的94.2%;水分生态型中,中生植物种类最多,共42种,占总种数的34.4%;柴窝堡湖湿地共有20个植物群系,北岸主要为布顿大麦群系(Form.Hordeum bogdanii)、细叶沼柳群系(Form.Salix rosmarinifolia)、芦苇群系(Form.Phragmites australis)等,西岸主要为盐穗木群系(Form.Halostachys caspica)、盘花乳菀群系(Form.Galatella biflora)、盐角草群系(Form.Salicornia europaea)等,东岸和南岸只有多枝柽柳群系(Form.Tamarix ramosissima)。本研究结果不仅可以为柴窝堡湖湿地植被稳定性维持和生物多样性保护提供本底数据,而且可以为水源地生态保护提供基础资料。

Chaiwopu Lake is an important water sources and ecological barrier of Urumqi,which located in Dabancheng District of Urumqi.Recently years,due to the natural factors and the actions of human being,a series of ecological and environmental problems have been caused.Through field investigation,the composition of vascular plants,the floral geographical elements,life-form,ecotype and the characteristic of plant community of Chaiwopu Lake wetland have been analyzed.The results showed that there are 30 families,84 genera,122 species of vascular plants in Chaiwopu Lake wetland,including 1 pteridophyte,and 90 species in 62 genera and 23 families of dicotyledonous plant,and 31 species in 21 genera and 6 families of monocotyledonous plant.The composition of Chaiwopu Lake wetland flora of spermatophytes is simple and with typical temperate characteristic.The vegetation types of Chaiwopu Lake wetland include 20 formations.Referring the life form in Chaiwopu Lake wetland,herbage plant was main,which account for 94.2%.In all ecotype of water plant,mesophyte plants were main with 42 species,accounting for 34.4%.There are 20 plant formation in Chaiwopu Lake wetland.Form.Hordeum bogdanii,Form.Salix rosmarinifolia,Form.Phragmites australis are mainly distributed in north bank,and Form.Halostachys caspica,Form.Galatella biflora,Form.Salicornia europaea are mainly distributed in west bank,and Form.Tamarix ramosissima are only formation in east and south bank.