基于主客观生活质量评价的农村发展差异分析——以北京山区经济薄弱村为例

Rural development difference based on subjective and objective evaluation of life quality:a case of economically underdeveloped villages in Beijing mountainous area

从居民生活质量角度评价区域发展程度长期以来备受关注。本文以北京山区经济薄弱村为例,在抽样农户调查基础上,基于小康监测体系中的生活质量指标体系,采用因子分析法构建的主观评价体系,分别测算了村级客观、主观生活质量指数,运用聚类法与差异贡献率法,开展北京山区经济薄弱村居民主客观生活质量的对比评价及影响因素分析。研究表明:1客观指数上,99.29%的村庄低于北京农村的平均水平,村间差异显著,高指数村庄主要分布在地势平坦的近郊区;2主观指数上,具有一定地域趋同性,离城区越近主观满意度越低;3综合来看,深山区与近郊区的村庄自身存在较大的主—客观差异,18.95%的村庄综合生活质量较差,文化娱乐、信息教育、生态环保等生活品质是限制居民生活质量的主要因素;4差异扶贫、提升人口综合素质、扶持生活质量高维度相关产业发展以及开展扶贫动态监测与开发规划,是进一步改善居民生活质量、提升区域发展水平的主要驱动力。主客观生活质量评价能够深入反映区域发展与居民生活质量间的关系,可作为区域综合发展决策的重要辅助方法。

The evaluation of regional development from the perspective of residents' life quality has been of high interest of the research community. Taking economically underdeveloped villages in the Beijing mountainous area as cases, this study calculated subjective and objective life quality indices for the villages on the basis of a farming household sampling survey. The life quality index for the evaluation of well-off community was chosen as the objective evaluation system, and the subjective system was constructed through factor analysis. Influencing factors of life quality were compared by applying the methods of cluster analysis and differential contribution rates.(1) Objective evaluation revealed that the villages differ significantly from each other. About 99% of the villages have a lower level of life quality as compared with the average of Beijing. Villages with high objective life quality index values are mainly distributed in the near suburbs on flat terrain;(2) Subjective evaluation indicated that the differences between adjacent villages are relatively small and the closer a village to the city, the lower is the subjective satisfaction;(3) Overall, subjective and objective life quality index values differ greatly in villages located in deep mountains and near suburbs. About 19% of the villages have relatively poor overall life quality. The main factors limiting residents' quality of life are culture and entertainment, information and education, ecological environmental protection, and so on, which are beyond the basic demand of subsistence.(4) The major driving forces of improving residents' life quality and promoting regional development are differentiated poverty alleviation, improvement of population quality, support for the development of industries that satisfies higher level of human needs, and development planning and dynamic monitoring of poverty areas. The subjective-objective evaluation of life quality can reflect the relationship between regional development and residents' life quality, therefore it can be used as an important auxiliary method in regional comprehensive development decision-making.