基于新经济地理学的长三角城市群空间格局及发展因素

Spatial pattern of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration:from the new economic geography perspective

城市群空间格局发展并非均匀的发展,而是密度(Density)更为集中、距离(Distance)逐渐缩短、整合(Division)更为强烈的过程。基于2009年世界银行发展报告,在劳动生产率基础上分析了长三角城市群空间发展状态。结果表明:1城市化的推进取决于密度的增加,区域发展取决于距离约束的克服,而区域一体化则取决于减少分割并增强整合,因此3D对于认识城市群区域发展及其一体化进程是非常合适的框架。2上海、苏州和无锡表现为3D类型,常州和南京表现为"密度—距离"2D类型,杭州表现为"距离—整合"2D类型,南通等表现为"距离"1D类型,绍兴等表现为"整合"1D类型,扬州等表现出0D类型;3长三角城市群的经济密度、心理距离、制造业专业化指数和外商直接投资均与劳动生产率存在显著性,弹性系数分别为1.727、0.218、0.102和0.237,而交通综合可达性作用不再显著,说明现阶段提升城市群内部经济密度和整合内外部资源比缩短各城市间距离更为重要。

The world is uneven from the economic geography's point of view, and urban agglomeration evolves also unevenly. The development of urban agglomeration space is a process of increasing density, decreasing distance, and diminishing division/enhancing integration. Based on the 2009 annual report of the World Bank, this article builds a 'density, distance, division'(3D) framework using new economic geography theory, and calculates and analyzes the spatial development state of cities in the Yangtze River Delta at the macro level. The results show that:(1) Urbanization mainly depends on increasing economic density; regional development mainly relies on overcoming the distance constraints; and regional integration depends on reducing segmentation and enhancing integration. Therefore '3D' constitute an appropriate framework to analyze the regional development and urban agglomeration integration process;(2) Shanghai, Suzhou, and Wuxi, where the local economy is more advanced, showed a 3D type of urban spatial development, while Changzhou and Nanjing, and Hangzhou exhibited the 'density-distance' and 'distance-division' 2D type of development, respectively. Nantong, Zhenjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou displayed a 'distance' 1D type of development, while Shaoxing, Zhoushan, and Ningbo illustrated a 'division' 1D type, and Yangzhou and other cities showed a 0D type of spatial development;(3) Economic density, psychological distance, manufacturing specialization index, and foreign direct investment have played important roles in labor productivity in the cities, while the distance factor was not significant, which indicates that increasing the density and strengthening the integration of internal and external resources are more important than shortening the distance between cities in promoting economic development in this region.