基于智慧交通的可达性与交通出行碳排放——理论与实证

Aaccessibility and CO_2 emissions from travel of smart transportation:theory and empirical studies

信息与通信技术的发展推动了智慧交通建设,并将进一步提高城市交通可达性和影响居民出行。在全球应对气候变化、减少碳排放的共识背景下,由于"智慧交通—可达性—出行行为(碳排放)"间复杂的影响作用机制,已有的研究难以判断智慧化背景下的城市交通可达性提高将增加抑或减少出行碳排放。如何通过提高城市交通可达性来缓解交通拥堵,保障城市交通运输系统的有效运行,并提高居民出行效率,减少出行碳排放是当前中国智慧交通发展面临的关键问题之一。针对以上科学问题,本文尝试提出基于智慧交通的可达性与交通出行碳排放的理论框架,并以广州为研究案例地,研究了社区居民通勤碳排放特征及其影响机理,社区出行低碳指数格局及其影响因素的空间异质性,以及基于碳排放—位置分配模型的公共中心规划支持系统设计与应用,可为今后的相关研究提供借鉴。

The development of information and communication technologies(ICT) is promoting the construction of smart city, influencing urban transport and residents travel. Urban transport and residents travel are interdependent. Urban transport provides infrastructure services for residents travel, whereas the latter facilitates the development of urban transport through its feedbacks. Relative to urban transport, residents travel is subjective choices of individuals. Smart transportation and travel will improve accessibility, which includes place-based accessibility and individual accessibility. On the one hand, the improvement of place-based accessibility may change urban traffic environment. On the other hand, the improvement of individual-based accessibility may alter residents travel demand. These may change urban land use that in turn would have an impact on urban traffic environment and residents travel demand. Due to the complex relations of smart transport, accessibility, and travel and its related emissions, whether improved accessibility of smart transportation would increase or decrease CO2 emissions from travel is hard to determine. A critical issue for smart transportation in China is to ease traffic congestion and ensure the effective operation of urban transport system, in the meantime, to enhance the efficiency of travel and reduce CO2 emissions through improving accessibility. Therefore, this article proposes a theoretical framework for the study of accessibility and CO2 emissions from travel of smart transportation, and presents some empirical studies by taking the city of Guangzhou as a case, in order to provide a reference for future research.